It does have a lot to do with how efficient the engine is, but also how the car is driven and how the transmission is as well...
It's hard to pin point exactly what increase power, increase gas mileage or make it worse; but over the years of my build, I somehow managed to get better gas mileage as I progressed into my build. The worse gas mileage days I had was with the E-manage blue + 720cc/min injectors back in '03. The car was averaging like 10 MPG of mixed driving.
The moment I went with an AEM standalone a few years ago, the car still guzzled gas like crazy... After many days or even weeks of street tuning, I managed to get the car to achieve about 16 MPG, which is not too shabby and close to what I had stock. There were some unsmooth and leaner regions in the fuel map, but cruising there helped mileage big time. Since I have full gear control, I was also able to cruise at whichever gear I want and that helped me stay at those good lean spots in cruising. I was also able to control lock-up on the converter and basically, it locks up whenever I don't plan to accelerate hard. Compared to a stock auto ECU, you have to blip the gas to "kick it out" of lock-up, and then accelerate which is a lot of unnecessary gas being wasted.
When I decided to go with the custom sidewinder manifolds and a huge T51R turbo from beginning of 2009, the car drove really well and was pretty peppy too. My high stall converter was a huge problem though because it soaks up a lot of power at low revs and slips a lot, but locking up the T/C frequently helped again. I was still averaging about 16-17 mpg mixed regular driving. If I drove only city though, I get like 12-13 mpg.
Recently, I've swapped over to my old 3000RPM stall converter which was much tighter and doesn't slip much at all. Accompanied with the full lock-up control and twincharged, the car has lots of torque and I don't even have to downshift. So I stick it in 4th gear and lock-up under most occasions. I've then also switched to the new Injector Dynamics 1000cc injectors which boasts amazing spray pattern and idles just like stock injectors. At $125 a piece, it was no joke, and my car runs amazing on ID 1000cc/min injectors. I automatically got insane gas mileage (scored over 100km per tank of gas average). I now get an average of 17-18 MPG city and pushing it quite often, and could get 20 MPG if I was working late for the week (leaving late means much less traffic). I haven't done much highway driving, but soon to find out when the weather warms up and I'd be driving on the highway for track days or out of town meets
